Stokely Carmichael

== Stokely Carmichael ==  This essay is going to be about Stokely Carmichael, who was a Trinidadian-American black activist. He joined a lot of different groups; first groups there were against violence and then a group that accepted violent. Therefore I am going to write about his development



 from supporting non-violence groups to associate with a group who support violence. In this essay I want to find out who Stokely Carmichael was and why he was important.

 Stokely Carmichael (later known as Kwame Toure) was a Trinidadian-American black activist. He was born in Trinidad June 29 1941. His family, Mother, Father and four sisters moved to New York and Stokely Carmichael lived with his grandmother and two aunts. When he was 11 years old he moved to New York. The Carmichael family left Harlem to live in Morris Park in the East Bronx. Stokely Carmichael graduated from the Bronx School of Science, which was a specialized public high school for gifted students. He graduated from Howard University Washington D.C, with a degree in philosophy in 1964. He was married to Miriam Makeba, the well-known South African singer. [1]

 At Howard, Stokely Carmichael was the leader of the Non-Violent Action Group shortened NAG. NAG was a militant student protest organization that fought against racism. Carmichael brought NAG into affiliation with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee shortened SNCC pronounced SNICK. Therefore Carmichael also worked with the SNCC. The SNCC was engaged in Freedom Rides, sit-ins and voter-registration campaigns in the South. In 1965 Stokely Carmichael was elected national chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. “A chairman is the presiding officer of a meeting, committee or board” [2] . So Stokely Carmichael was the presiding officer of the SNCC. He had also been working in collaboration with Martin Luther King, but their ways parted in 1966, because Carmichael began using the slogan “black power” in his speeches. SNCC became more radical and focused on Black Power and its ideology. Carmichael began to make his increasingly radical beliefs known; therefore stopped supporting the use of nonviolence. Later he gave up his chairmanship of the SNCC and began associating with the Black Panther Party. In an article Carmichael explains why the SNCC became more radical and focused on Black Power and why he started associating with Black Panther Party. [3] He says'': ''

'' ” We had to begin with politics because black Americans are a propertyless people in a country where property is valued above all. We had to work for power, because this country does not function by morality, love and nonviolence, but by power.” [4]  ''

  Carmichael develops from supporting non-violence groups/committees to associate with groups that support violence.

   The Black Panther Party was a political party and a civil rights movement, which was founded in 1966. The panther was a symbol of the protection of black people in the big cities, where the police used racist oppression methods. The Black Panther Party also had a paper, local help programs and campaigns about diseases. The self-defence program made the party a target for the FBI. The self-defence program demonstrated for giving black people the right to carry a weapon. [5] Their platform and program says what they want for the black people. They want freedom, employment, decent housing, education, and that the men was accepted from the military service, justice and peace But The Black Panthers had a violent image. Because they to begin with used violence, that made a big impression. “When they were demonstrating they were marching in their black jackets, black berets, and tight-fitting black pants, their pockets bulging with side arms, their clenched fists high above their defiant heads” [6]. In April 1969 an armed confrontation between the police and the Black Panthers turned into a 90 minutes long confrontation at a building housing the Panthers. Four policemen got wounded and one got killed. One Panther got killed and seven got arrested. [7] So this group/party used violence and the other groups Stokely Carmichael was a part of, where non-violent groups. Therefore he took a big turn gong from the non-violent groups to The Black Panther Party. Stokely Carmichael began to distance himself from The Black Panthers Party; he did that because he thought that they weren’t being separatist enough about their “ dogmatic party line favoring alliances with white radicals.” ' ' [8]  

 Stokely Carmichael was a Trinidadian-American black activist. He joined NAG, which was a non-violent organization that fought against racism. Later he became the national chairman of SNCC, which was engaged in Freedom Rides, sit-ins and voter-registration campaigns in the South. He worked in corporation with Martin Luther King. But then he started using the slogan of “black power” in his speeches and began to make his increasingly radical beliefs known, so he stopped supporting nonviolence. He gave up his chairmanship in SNCC and began associating with the Black Panther Party. He developed from supporting non-violence to support violence. Now I have found out who Stokely Carmichael was. He is important to know about, because he have been a part of a lot of the black activist groups/committees, also because he developed from supporting non-violence to support violence. He believed in power and he did not think that non-violence was power. Now I have come with a suggestion on why he was important.



  Reference List:

 About. com: Black Panthers. Udgivet af About.com. Internetadresse: http://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/Black_Panthers.htm - Besøgt d. 09.10.2013 (Internet)

<p class="MsoNormal"> African American Registry: Stokely Carmichael. Udgivet af African American Registry. Internetadresse: http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/stokley-carmichael-kwame-ture-leader-ahead-his-time - Besøgt d. 06.10.2013 (Internet)

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"> Black Panther Party Platform and Program. I: The Negro Revolt. Side 36-39. Redigeret af: Jørgen Wenzel. 1. udg, 1972. (Afsnit i bog)

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"> Carmichael, Stokely.What We Want I: The Negro Revolt side 21-27. Redigeret af: Jørgen Wenzel. 1. udg, 1972. (Afsnit i bog)

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"> Den Store Danske : Black Panther Party. Udgivet af Gyldendal. Internetadresse: http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Geografi_og_historie/USA_og_Nordamerika/USA_efter_1945/Black_Panther_Party - Besøgt d. 09.10.2013 (Internet)

<p class="MsoFootnoteText">   The Free Dictionary: Chairman. Udgivet af The American Heritage. Sidst opdateret: 2009. Internetadresse: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chairman - Besøgt d. 06.10.2013 (Internet)

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳＰ明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:DA;mso-fareast-language:DA; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1] <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">African American Registry: Stokely Carmichael. Udgivet af African American Registry. Internetadresse: http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/stokley-carmichael-kwame-ture-leader-ahead-his-time - Besøgt d. 06.10.2013 (Internet) & Carmichael, Stokely.What We Want I: The Negro Revolt side 21-27. Redigeret af: Jørgen Wenzel. 1. udg, 1972. (Afsnit i bog) <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family: "ＭＳＰ明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:DA;mso-fareast-language:DA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]  <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">The Free Dictionary: Chairman. Udgivet af The American Heritage. Sidst opdateret: 2009. Internetadresse: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chairman - Besøgt d. 06.10.2013 (Internet) <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳＰ明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:DA;mso-fareast-language:DA; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3] <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">African American Registry: Stokely Carmichael. Udgivet af African American Registry. Internetadresse: http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/stokley-carmichael-kwame-ture-leader-ahead-his-time - Besøgt d. 06.10.2013 (Internet) <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳＰ明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:DA;mso-fareast-language:DA; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4] <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Carmichael, Stokely.What We Want I: The Negro Revolt side 21-27. Redigeret af: Jørgen Wenzel. 1. udg, 1972. (Afsnit i bog) <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳＰ明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:DA;mso-fareast-language:DA; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5] Den Store Danske : Black Panther Party. Udgivet af Gyldendal. Internetadresse: http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Geografi_og_historie/USA_og_Nordamerika/USA_efter_1945/Black_Panther_Party - Besøgt d. 09.10.2013 (Internet) <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳＰ明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:DA;mso-fareast-language:DA; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6] About. com: Black Panthers. Udgivet af About.com. Internetadresse: http://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/Black_Panthers.htm - Besøgt d. 09.10.2013 (Internet) <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳＰ明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:DA;mso-fareast-language:DA; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7] About. com: Black Panthers. Udgivet af About.com. Internetadresse: http://terrorism.about.com/od/groupsleader1/p/Black_Panthers.htm - Besøgt d. 09.10.2013 (Internet) <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Garamond;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"ＭＳＰ明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"TimesNewRoman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:DA;mso-fareast-language:DA; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8] <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"ArialNarrow"; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">African American Registry: Stokely Carmichael. <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;font-family:"ArialNarrow";mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana">Udgivet af African American Registry. Internetadresse: http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/stokley-carmichael-kwame-ture-leader-ahead-his-time - Besøgt d. 06.10.2013 (Internet)

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